Hi Johan
In September, which is the beginning of spring here the weather can be a little bit unsettled. NZ is a small land mass in a very large sea area, so our climate is dominated by the sea, and whatever blows in from around us. If the weather comes from the south, its coming from antarctica, so is generally cold and dry. If its coming from the north, its coming from the tropics, so tends to be warm and wet. Coming from east or west can be a mix of both! Another feature of the maritime climate is rapid changeability: The Crowded House song “Four seasons in one day” was actually written about Melbourne in Australia, but could equally apply to Auckland, and to the rest of NZ.
The geography of NZ generates some significant variations in climate. If you can get a look at the Lonely Planet guide for New Zealand - it contains about as much information as you could possibly want, and alot more than I could type here!
For what the statistics are worth, the average temperature ranges in September are as follows:
Auckland: 10-15C
Wellington: 8-14C
Christchurch: 5-14C
Queenstown: 5-12C
Dunedin: 5-12C
In September you should definitely expect some rain, no matter where you are. Snow will be limited to mountain ranges (although last week there was a freak hailstorm in north auckland that made it look like it had snowed!)
Water temperatures vary around the coast, with northern coastal waters on the east coast being the warmest (probably around 17C). The waters around the south island are much colder, surprisingly enough! Sea conditions are usually relatively benign, although if a storm blows through it can be rough for a few days. The good news is that it settles down pretty quickly.
I don’t have much experience of south island diving, and I’m sure there’s some wonderful stuff to see, but I would recommend looking at dive sites in the north island, on the east coast north of Auckland - the water will be warmest there. During spring as the water warms up we get plankton blooms that can affect visibility somewhat until the plankton get eaten (usually by early summer), however, in september these generally have not happened yet.
There are certainly species of marine life that are unique to NZ. I’m not well enough informed on them to give even a summary list. I imagine some judicious googling would find more info. I do know of two species of dolphin that are unique to NZ - Maui’s dolphin and Hector’s dolphin. Found in very small numbers on the west coast of the north and south islands respectively. As for fish, I’m sure there would be quite a few unique species. Our fish life is subtropical in nature, so don’t expect many tropical fishes (although you will find a few living at the Poor Knights islands). Also, there is no coral (in the tropical sense) on our reefs as the water is not quite warm enough.
Hope that helps
Graham